Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines
Creative Biolabs has been developing vaccines for more than a decade. Our company is an international company with comprehensive research and development platforms, complete vaccine development systems and a team of scientists from all over the world.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most significant human pathogens, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. Since being discovered in 1881, it is considered to be a major cause of pneumonia and thus the subject of much humoral immunity research. The genome of S. pneumoniae is a closed, circular DNA structure, with a core set of 1553 genes, 154 genes in its virulome, and 176 genes to maintain a noninvasive phenotype. In fact, S. pneumoniae is part of the normal upper respiratory tract flora, but become pathogenic under the right conditions, usually when the immune system of the host is suppressed. It is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis in the elderly and children. S. pneumoniae related diseases include pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis, and sepsis. Several vaccines against S. pneumoniae have been developed to protect against invasive infection.
Vaccines Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is any type of infection caused by S. pneumoniae. Creative Biolabs has helped our customers develop many types of S. pneumoniae vaccines. To overcome the limitation that current vaccines on the market provide limited protection only for the serotypes contained in the vaccine, Creative Biolabs is trying to identify new protein vaccine candidates for the next generation Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines.
Whole Cell Vaccines
- Live attenuated vaccine
Live attenuated mucosal vaccines provide excellent protection against various pneumococcal serotypes. Live attenuated vaccine has been developed for S. pneumoniae using defected strains of pneumococcal virulence factors including capsule, teichoic acids, and pneumolysin. The results indicate that mucosal and systemic immunization with such vaccine induces protective immune responses against pneumococci.
- Inactivated vaccine
The polysaccharide vaccine does not elicit a memory response and is therefore limited to be used in adults, because it is not immunogenic in infants. In addition, although highly effective, conjugate vaccines only provide protection against the capsular types present in the vaccine. In the mice model, whole inactivated pneumococci were shown to be immunogenic when inoculated by mucosal membranes. Inactivated whole cell vaccine can provide effective protection against lethal pneumococcal challenge demonstrated by reducing colonization or higher survival rate.
Subunit Vaccines
- Polysaccharide vaccine
More than 95 capsular types of pneumococci have been described, and a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, which is responsible for 85-90% of invasive pneumococcal infections in the world, has been developed and are currently available. It is effective against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) but does not prevent the incidence of pneumonia or morbidity, because it elicits serum IgG in the nasopharynx but not secretory IgA.
- Conjugate vaccine
This vaccine uses polysaccharide antigens conjugated with carrier proteins. In contrast to polysaccharide vaccines, the conjugate vaccine can elicit T cell response, resulting in superior immunogenicity and immunity that lasts longer. Conjugate protein vaccines with 9, 10, or 13-valent capsular polysaccharides have been developed. This vaccine could protect HIV-infected adults from pneumococcal infection and markedly decreased pneumococcal pneumonia incidence in children.
- Recombinant protein vaccine
Various recombinant protein vaccine against S. pneumoniae have been developed to elicit a sufficient protective immune response.
Creative Biolabs has always been serving vaccine researchers worldwide with its professionalism and service awareness. We continue to improve our research and development in the field of vaccines, aiming to design and produce more reliable products and services to contribute to the health of humanity. If you have any questions about vaccine research, please do not hesitate to contact us.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
