Vaccines for Bacteria from Cocci Family
Creative Biolabs is an international vaccine development and service-providing company with more than a decade of research and development history. Under the leadership of a group of excellent vaccine researchers, the company's research on bacteria, viruses, and tumor vaccines has been deepened and expanded, forming a comprehensive research and development system. We have a lot of successful experience in bacterial vaccines and have a wide range of products and services. Whether you have any needs in developing a vaccine, we are able to fulfill your requirements with the highest quality.
Vaccines for Bacteria from Cocci Family
Coccus is a type of morphologically spherical bacteria. The arrangement of bacteria is important information for identifying the species of bacteria. For example, the paired cocci are called diplococcus, the bacteria appearing in clusters and presenting grape-like shape are called staphylococci, and the bacteria in rows or chains are called streptococci. Many of these bacteria are pathogenic to human beings, seriously affecting people's life and quality of life, so the development of preventive bacterial vaccines is very necessary. Studies have shown that the existing Staphylococcus Aureus infection does not protect against subsequent bacterial infections. At present, the research on vaccines for this bacterium focuses on the polysaccharide capsule of the bacteria. On this basis, the research on Staphylococcus aureus vaccine has made progress.
Staphylococcus aureus Vaccines
Staphylococcus aureus is a type of Gram-positive grape-like bacterium that is often found in the respiratory tract and skin of the human body and is part of the normal flora of the human body. Under certain conditions, the bacteria can cause skin infections, respiratory infections or food poisoning. The resistance to Staphylococcus aureus is currently a serious problem in the treatment of bacterial infections, so the development of the prophylactic Staphylococcus aureus vaccine has become an effective solution to this problem. Studies have shown that the existing Staphylococcus aureus infection does not protect against subsequent bacterial infections. At present, the research on vaccines for this bacterium focuses on the polysaccharide capsule of the bacteria. On this basis, the research on Staphylococcus aureus vaccine has made progress.
Group A Streptococcus Vaccines
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to Streptococcus. These bacteria mainly settle in the skin, the genital mucosa, and the throat. Group A Streptococcus does not often cause illness, but it can cause pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease and so on. Penicillin is the drug of choice for most GAS infections, but with the emergence of resistant strains, the development of targeted vaccines that prevent bacterial infections is an urgent task for researchers. Scientists have done a lot of research on GAS vaccines. Most of these vaccines target bacterial membrane proteins. A large number of preclinical and clinical trial data may provide new ideas for the development of bacterial vaccines.
Group B Streptococcus Vaccines
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) can cause serious infections and even death. Normally, GBS is a commensal bacterium that is rarely pathogenic, and up to 30% of healthy humans have such bacteria in the genitourinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. GBS can escape the host's immune response, which is the difficulty in studying such bacterial vaccines. GBS surface-coated capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is also an ideal vaccine target for its role in evading the immune response of humans. Although some studies have shown that immunization of animals with CPS does not provide adequate protection, the combination with other strategies can improve the effectiveness of the vaccine to some extent. In addition, other GBS vaccines are under development.
Streptococcus mutans Vaccines
Streptococcus mutans is a type of Gram-positive cocci. The bacteria usually settle in the human mouth and are an important pathogen for dental caries. In addition to causing dental caries, S. mutans can also cause cardiovascular infections. Other than good oral hygiene and eating fewer sweets, the development of the S. mutans vaccine is also an important measure to prevent dental caries, because many children are difficult to refuse the temptation of sweets. At present, the research of S. mutans vaccine is mainly based on the adhesion mechanism of bacteria, so GTFs, glycan-binding protein and adhesin antigen I/II become the research targets of most S. mutans vaccines.
Neisseria meningitidis Vaccines
Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis. The bacterium is also one of the many non-pathogenic normal flora colonized in the human nasopharynx. It is generally believed that the bacterium can only infect humans. Scientists speculate that it is because that the bacteria cannot obtain iron resources from other sources, except for the use of lactoferrin and transferrin in humans. N. meningitidis, which can infect humans, mainly has six serotypes, A, B, C, Y, W-135, and X. Therefore, the research on N. meningitidis vaccine mainly targets these serotypes. The N. meningitidis vaccine currently under study includes bivalent vaccines, tetravalent vaccines, and monovalent vaccines.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Vaccines
Neisseria gonorrhoeae also refers to gonococcus, a Gram-negative diplococcus. This kind of bacteria mainly infects the human body through sexual transmission, causing the infected person to suffer from gonorrhea. In addition to sexual transmission, mothers infected with the pathogen may transmit bacteria to the newborn during childbirth. The fact that N. gonorrhoeae evades the host immune response by changing the structure of its surface components as well as so changed antigens makes it difficult to develop the bacterial vaccine. The Neisseria meningitidis vaccine has recently been found to contribute to the reduction in the incidence of gonorrhea. In addition, some vaccines targeting N. gonorrhoeae antigens are also being studied.
Moraxella catarrhalis Vaccines
Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes infections in the middle ear, respiratory tract, eyes, central nervous system, and joints. This type of bacteria is capable of producing β-lactamases, so penicillin is ineffective against it. The development of the Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine is an effective method to prevent infections by Moraxella catarrhalis, but the bacterial vaccine has not been approved for use on the market, and the outer membrane proteins of these bacteria, including porin M35, are being evaluated as vaccine candidates.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines
Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered to be a major cause of pneumonia and thus the subject of much humoral immunity research. It is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis in the elderly and children. S. pneumoniae related diseases include pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis, and sepsis. Vaccines help prevent pneumococcal disease, which is any type of infection caused by S. pneumoniae. Several vaccines against S. pneumoniae have been developed to protect against invasive infection. Creative Biolabs has helped our customers develop many types of S. pneumoniae vaccines.
Creative Biolabs has many years of experience and proven technologies and platforms in the field of bacterial vaccines. We have done a lot of in-depth research on various pathogenic cocci and invested a lot of energy in the development of such bacterial vaccines thus successfully developed a series of high-quality products including antigens, antibodies, test kits, etc. and comprehensive services related to vaccine designing, preparing, evaluating and optimizing, etc. We believe that under our professional services, your vaccine development path will be smooth and unimpeded!
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
