Vaccines for Porcine Circovirus 2
Vaccine plays an important role in protecting food-producing animals against pathogens, as well as in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Creative Biolabs has been committed to the development and production of new vaccines for many years to meet the various needs of customers.
Porcine Circovirus 2
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is a small, non-enveloped virus with single-stranded DNA belonging to the genus Circoviridae. PCV-2 is recognized as one of the major pathogens causing porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), which contains several syndromes, including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PWMS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PCV-2 infection is present in most pig-producing countries and causes severe economic losses to the pig industry due to mixed infection with other pathogens. Currently, at least three different PCV-2 genotypes have been identified: PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and PCV-2c. Both PCV-2a and PCV-2b are associated with clinical PCVAD of varying severity, whereas PCV-2c is only reported in a small number of non-affected populations in Denmark.
Fig.1 The structural form of immunogen recognized by the host and relationship to outcome following PCV-2 infection. (Trible, 2012)
Vaccines for Porcine Circovirus 2
Before the introduction of the vaccine, the control of PCV-2 was limited mainly to improving management strategies and controlling co-infections. Nowadays, the most current prevention strategy for most porcine circoviruses is the use of PCV-2 vaccination. Vaccination of growing pigs against PCV-2 has been shown to be highly effective in decreasing the prevalence and severity of PCVAD.
Developing Vaccines and Adjuvants
Although commercial vaccines do not completely prevent the spread of infection of PCV-2, PCV-2b-based nucleic acid vaccines and other vaccines are still under development. Therefore, new effective adjuvants are urgently needed to improve the immunity of pigs to commercial vaccines, and attempts have been made to develop some molecules such as cap protein, flagellin, nanoscale emulsions, and CD40L, cytokines and GM-CSF as immunological adjuvants for PCV-2 vaccines. Co-expressed pig IL-2 and fusion IL-4/6 genes entrapped in chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) nanoparticles can significantly enhance the immune response of pigs to PCV-2 vaccination along with the improvement of growth weight gain, which could be potentially developed as a safe and cost-effective adjuvant for control of PCV-2 infection in the future. The covalent attachment of the inactivated PCV-2 vaccine to COS can enhance humoral and cellular immunity to PCV-2 by promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and initiating a mixed Th1/Th2 response. This might be a viable strategy to increase the efficacy of PCV-2-associated diseases.
With a professional team and advanced technology platform, Creative Biolabs can provide you with a full range of services related to vaccine design and adjuvant screening. If you are interested in any of our services, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
- Trible, B.R.; et al. (2012). Recognition of the different structural forms of the capsid protein determines the outcome following infection with porcine circovirus type 2. Journal of Virology. 86(24):13508-14.
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