The positive efficacy of stem cell paracrine action-released exosomes is superior to that of stem cell therapies, avoiding multiple potential risks. Their apoptosis-inhibiting effects as potential therapeutic agents have gained widespread attention, and an increasing number of studies are evaluating their applicability to various disease interventions. Creative Biolabs has accumulated project experience in profiling the apoptosis-inhibiting components of stem cell exosomes and offers a comprehensive research service to explore their application potential.

Overview of Stem Cell Exosomes and Stem Cells

Stem cell therapy has achieved positive apoptosis-inhibiting effects in several clinical trials. However, its significant adverse effects on diseases such as multiple sclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, and stroke have led to bottlenecks in the expansion of applications for multiple reasons, including

• Culture expansion and cryopreservation conditions of stem cells may induce immunogenicity, thereby reducing the therapeutic efficacy.
• Stem cells injected intravenously usually accumulate mainly in the lungs, resulting in some adverse effects due to the inability to homing directly to the site of disease.
• The limited understanding of the mechanism of action of stem cell therapies makes it challenging to develop specific treatment regimens.

It has been found that stem cell exosomes obtained by in vitro centrifugal isolation techniques can produce positive therapeutic effects similar to those of stem cells. Meanwhile, exosomes prepared in vitro can maintain biological activity for a long time, are easily preserved, are non-immunogenic, and can be delivered directly to the site of pathogenesis by targeted modification or local injection, thus improving the therapeutic effect.

Services at Creative Biolabs

Stem cell exosomes have been extensively studied as innovative disease intervention therapies for their effectiveness in inhibiting apoptosis. Further industrial development will require improvements in mature large-scale manufacturing, purification, exosome characterization, and profiling technologies. We offer comprehensive research services focused on the advantages and applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in inhibiting cell apoptosis. Our services include the isolation and characterization of stem cell-derived exosomes, analysis of their anti-apoptotic effects, and evaluation of therapeutic potential in various disease models.

Stem Cell Exosomes Inhibit Apoptosis

Apoptosis is regulated by apoptosis-associated proteins such as BCL (B cell lymphoma/leukemia)-2, BCL-XL, myeloid cell leukemia apoptosis regulator-1, and pro-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2 associated X protein, BH3 interacting domain death agonist protein, caspases, etc. antagonize each other to maintain the balance of apoptosis. Stem cell exosomes can function as activators of anti-apoptotic pathways in the intervention of several diseases.

• Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

It is believed that human placental MSC-derived exosomes reduce follicular atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis by regulating the balance between helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells. The human adipose MSC-derived exosomes inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis and repair ovarian function by suppressing the expression of apoptotic proteins such as Fas, FasL, caspase-3, and caspase-8.

• Osteoarthritis

Stem cell exosomes target mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling in chondrocytes to mediate cartilage self-protection and downregulate the mTOR signaling pathway, leading to reduced apoptosis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. This effect is associated with the translocation of exosome-carried miR-100-5p, which reduces mTOR expression by targeting its mRNA.

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Umbilical cord-derived stem cell exosomes significantly upregulated the VEGF-VEGFR2-mediated AKT pathway and MAPK/ERK pathway to inhibit apoptosis, thereby repairing papain-induced emphysema injury.

• Acute myocardial infarction

One study isolated stem cell exosomes from the bone marrow of rats transfected with miR-22 recombinant lentiviral vector and injected them in situ into a rat model constructed by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for intervention. The results showed that this exosome effectively inhibited p53-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby improving cardiac function in diseased rats.

Fig. 1 Remedial mechanisms of stem cell exosomes for ovarian insufficiency.1

Creative Biolabs offers a range of services to support the advancement of stem cell exosomes for applications related to apoptosis inhibition. Please contact us to get a reliable solution for your project.

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Reference

1. Geng, Zixiang, et al. "Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel and potential remedy for primary ovarian insufficiency." Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 11 (2023): 1090997. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0. The image was modified by revising the title.

• Maintaining Cell Stemness
• Inducing Regeneration
• Regulating Immune Responses
• Promoting Angiogenesis