Stem Cell-derived Exosome Advantages and Applications
- Regulating Immune Responses
Overview Services Features FAQs
Creative Biolabs follows the hot research topic of SC-Exo (stem cell exosomes) and provides services related to exploring the immunomodulatory functions of SC-Exo.
Highlights
SC-Exo has immunomodulatory functions similar to those of SCs (stem cells), which can inhibit the performance of various immune cells and regulate the immune response. Compared with SCs, exosomes are more stable in action, less likely to be immune rejected after in vivo allogeneic administration, more penetrating, and can well avoid the risks associated with cell transplantation.
What We Can Offer
With an emphasis on stem cell-derived exosomes and their function in controlling immunological responses, Creative Biolabs offers state-of-the-art research services. Our offerings include advanced isolation and characterization of exosomes, detailed functional assays to assess their impact on immune cells, and mechanistic studies to uncover how these exosomes modulate immune functions. Leveraging our state-of-the-art technologies and expert analysis, we aim to support your research with precise, actionable insights into the immune regulatory capabilities of stem cell-derived exosomes.
Features of SC-Exo Regulate Immune Response
Creative Biolabs summarizes the insights of SC-Exo in regulating intrinsic and adaptive immune responses, including stimulation of macrophage differentiation, inhibition of dendritic cell maturation, suppression of T lymphocyte function, reduction of B cell activation proliferation and secretion, and inhibition of NK cell toxicity.
|
Inherent Immune Regulated
|
Adaptive Immune Regulated
|
Antigen Presentation Regulated
|
-
SC-Exo-regulated macrophages can be taxonomically analyzed by detecting surface markers and inflammatory factor expression levels. Specifically, flow cytometry assays using F4/80, CD80, and CD206 flow antibodies, as well as inflammatory factors examined by qPCR, and ELISA. For example, adipose-derived SC-Exo, when co-cultured with monocyte-macrophages, was found to promote macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype, as evidenced by the upregulation of the associated surface markers CD163, CD206, and CD209.
-
SC-Exo inhibits NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and upregulating cytokine signaling inhibitory factor 3.
|
-
T lymphocytes are classified according to functional and surface molecular markers: cytotoxic, helper (Th), memory, and regulatory T cells (Treg). SC-Exo suppressing T cell immunity is achieved by enhancing apoptosis of Th1 and promoting Th2 and Treg expansion. For example, human umbilical cord SC-Exo activates an increased proportion of CD4+ T cells to CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg differentiation.
-
SC-Exo inhibits the B lymphocyte proliferation by mediating TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ, reducing the secretion of IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies, and inhibiting the expression of chemotactic receptors CXCR.
|
-
SC-Exo maintains dendritic cells in an immature state of weak antigen-presenting capacity, as evidenced by low levels of the mature dendritic cell-specific marker CD83 and the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86.
|
Fig. 1 Immune modulation by exosomes isolated from MSC.1
-
SC-Exo Regulate Inflammation
SC-Exo influences the direction of macrophage differentiation to regulate inflammation. Stimulation of differentiation toward M1-type macrophages involves a pro-inflammatory response, secretes large amounts of inflammatory mediators, and acts as a strong antigen-presenting agent. In contrast, stimulation of differentiation toward the M2 type can develop a phenotype that inhibits inflammation, exerts anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the release of inflammatory factors and secreting Arg-1, VEGF, and IL-10, and promotes the repair of damaged tissues.
SC-Exo upregulating the Treg ratio facilitates the stabilization of the balance between suppressing inflammation and promoting inflammation, alleviating graft rejection, and multiple autoimmune diseases.
SC-Exo modulates immune function mainly in the improvement of alleviating the immune system's attack on the organism's tissue antigens. Mechanistically, SC-Exo exerts its immune and inflammatory modulatory effects through the various signaling molecules contained in them. Creative Biolabs offers services to dissect these exosome effectors and molecules to help understand their intervention role. Please contact us to discuss solutions.
FAQs
Q: How do stem cell-derived exosomes regulate immune responses?
A: Stem cell-derived exosomes can modulate immune responses by interacting with immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Depending on their makeup and the immunological environment's context, they can either strengthen or weaken immune responses. This ability to regulate immunity makes them valuable in treating autoimmune diseases, infections, and inflammatory conditions.
Q: Which medical fields are currently using exosomes produced from stem cells?
A: Current applications include:
Immunomodulation: Modulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease, and inflammatory disorders.
Regenerative Medicine: Supporting tissue repair and regeneration in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and bone injuries.
Cancer Therapy: Enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines and immunotherapies by modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune system.
Q: Are there any difficulties in using exosomes made from stem cells?
A: Yes, there are several challenges, including:
Standardization: Ensuring consistent quality and composition of exosome preparations.
Scalability: Developing efficient methods for large-scale production.
Mechanisms of Action: Fully understanding how exosomes exert their effects to optimize their therapeutic potential.
Q: What studies are being conducted to enhance the application of exosomes produced from stem cells?
A: Ongoing research focuses on:
Enhancing Exosome Production: Developing advanced techniques for generating and purifying exosomes.
Understanding Mechanisms: Investigating how exosomes influence immune cells and tissue repair at the molecular level.
Reference
-
Shen, Ziwei, et al. "Effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on autoimmune diseases." Frontiers in immunology 12 (2021): 749192. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0. The image was modified by revising the title.
For Research Use Only. Cannot be used by patients.
Related Services:
