Orange-derived Exosome Research and Application

As the structural characteristics, chemical composition, and physiological activities of exosomes from different fruit sources have been studied, the understanding of the vesicular structure of these vesicles has been improved, with increased research on the functions and disease interventional potential of fruit exosomes including those from oranges. Creative Biolabs gathers dedicated exosome experts and experienced scientists to provide pilot studies and production services related to orange-derived exosomes.

Orange-derived Exosomes Benefits

Nutritional supplementation: Orange-derived exosomes can deliver amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars enriched from orange donors to provide nutritional supplementation for the organism.
Immunomodulation: The lipid and nucleic acid components in exosomes of orange origin can regulate the function of the immune system and enhance the organism's immunity.
Cellular communication: Orange-derived exosomes can be used as drug carriers for information transfer and regulation with surrounding cells by releasing loaded internal components.

Isolation Approaches of Orange-derived Exosomes

Ultracentrifugation: Exosomes from orange juice/oranges are isolated from other cells and debris by centrifugation.
Filtration method: using filter membranes with different pore sizes, to separate exosomes from other macromolecules in orange juice/oranges.
Nanoparticle method: Utilizing the special properties of nanoparticles, such as magnetic nanoparticles or metallic nanoparticles, exosomes are isolated by magnetic field or other means after being bound to exosomes.
Immunoprecipitation approach: The exosomes are separated by immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies that bind to specific proteins of exosomes.

Research on Orange-derived Exosomes

Research Item	Conclusion
Assessment of the toxicity on intestinal epithelial cells	Orange exosome treatment did not impair the cell viability of intestinal epithelial cells and their small size allowed for easy diffusion and deep internalization into the cells.
Assessment of stability in simulated gastrointestinal environments	Three similar aqueous solutions of gastric, duodenal, and colonic composition were prepared to simulate gastrointestinal tract environments, in which incubated orange exosomes showed no considerable change in size and did not show remarkable dimensional differences between the results of the three environments tested.
Effects on inflammatory cocktail-stimulated colonic epithelial cell line	Orange-derived exosome treatment suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes ICAM1 and HMOX-1 and up-regulated the expression of tight junction-related genes CLDN1 and occludin (OCLN) after inflammatory stimulation. This indicated that orange-derived exosomes were able to mitigate the damage to intestinal barrier integrity from inflammatory stimuli through anti-inflammation and activation of cellular tight junctions.
Effect on the OCLN distribution in the cytoplasm	Orange-derived exosome treatment protected against damage to OCLN localization by inflammatory stimuli, allowing OCLN to be predominantly staged to the cell membrane and increasing trans-epithelial resistance, suggesting beneficial effects on intercellular junctions.

Fig. 1 Orange exosomes affect OCLN localization and trans-epithelial resistance.¹

Research Item	Conclusion
Effects on diet-induced obese mice	Orange exosomes increase the villi size of the jejunum leading to an increase in the absorption area, reduce fat absorption in the intestine, and promote the release of Triglycerides from the liver to alleviate the disruption of the intestinal immune system induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet in mice.

Fig. 2 Orange-derived exosomes rescue intestinal function in diet-induced obese mice.²

Research Item	Conclusion
Orange-derived exosomes impair pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi on citrus fruits	Orange-derived exosomes inhibit the growth of P. italicum on citrus fruits and reduce the pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi.
Gene regulation of citrus pathogenic fungi	Orange exosomes deliver csi-miR160c, csi-miR394a, csi-miR166a, and csi-miR536 to target and regulate the expression of P. italicum genes, thereby enhancing citrus fruit resistance to P. italicum.

Fig. 3 Exosomes isolated from oranges are enriched with miRNAs to resist the pathogenicity of P. italicum on citrus fruits.³

Similar to exosomes of animal origin, orange-derived exosomes also contain specific contents, each of which may perform the corresponding biological function through a particular mechanism, and at the same time have great potential in delivering drugs with different biological activities. Creative Biolabs is committed to continuously improving the technical system for the extraction and study of exosomes of plant origin and supporting the exploration of the physiological activities and mechanisms of the characteristic components of plant exosomes. Please contact us to get a solution for orange-derived exosomes.

References

Bruno, Stefania Paola, et al. "Extracellular vesicles derived from citrus sinensis modulate inflammatory genes and tight junctions in a human model of intestinal epithelium." Frontiers in Nutrition 8 (2021): 778998.
Berger, Emmanuelle, et al. "Use of nanovesicles from orange juice to reverse diet-induced gut modifications in diet-induced obese mice." Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development 18 (2020): 880-892.
Yin, Chunxiao, et al. "MicroRNAs in the exosome-like nanoparticles from orange juice inhibit Citrus blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum." LWT 182 (2023): 114781.

Plant Exosome Isolation