NAA and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoantibodies have proven to be a useful diagnostic tool for various rheumatic and non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases. A specific marker antibody is particularly lacking in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an immune marker of RA with moderate disease specificity. The identification of these targets may further enlighten our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Creative Biolabs is a premier natural autoantibodies (NAA) services provider in the United States, our team of experts is engrossed in delivering the best quality you deserve.
Description of RA
RA is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Joint damage in RA begins with the proliferation of synovial macrophages and fibroblasts following triggering events, which may be autoimmune or infectious. Multiple immunomodulators (cytokines and effector cells) and signaling pathways are involved in the pathophysiological process of RA. The interaction of T cells, B cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the pathophysiology of RA. The cytokines most directly involved in this process are TNF-α and IL-6. At the same time, IL-1 and IL-17 may also play an important role in the disease process. Medical treatment for rheumatoid arthritis usually involves the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to control pain, selective use of low doses of oral or intraarticular glucocorticoids, and initiation of DMARDs.
Fig.1 Schematic view of a healthy joint (left) and a joint affected by RA (right).1
Pathways in RA
A combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors is responsible for the onset and development of RA. A group of susceptibility genes (human leukocyte antigen (HLA)), non-genetic factors, immune and non-immune cells, and inflammatory mediators (autoantibodies, cytokines, chemokines, and proteases) are involved in the inflammatory process that targets cartilage and bone, resulting in loss of joint function. Macrophages and fibroblasts are adjacent to each other in the intima synovium and produce cytokines that activate themselves or their neighbors.
Fig.2 Different phases in RA pathogenesis. (Fang, 2020)
NAA Services for RA at Creative Biolabs
- NAA Services for Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- NAA Services for Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)
- NAA Services for Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA)
- NAA Services for Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptides Antibodies (ACPA)
- NAA Services for Anti-Double-Stranded DNA (dsDNA)
RA Related Products at Creative Biolabs
The presence of autoantibodies, including antibodies to rheumatoid factors and anti-posttranslational modification proteins such as citrullinated (ACPA) and carbamylated (anti-carp antibodies), is a hallmark of the disease. These autoantibodies may form immune complexes in the joint, causing immune cells to attract each other. Patients with RA can be subdivided into autoantibody positive and negative diseases based on the presence of autoantibodies.
| Target | Product Name | Cat. No. |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) autoantibody | Human Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) ELISA kit | NAK-027 |
| MPO autoantibody | Human MPO Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-023 |
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References
- Roszkowski, Leszek, and Marzena Ciechomska. "Tuning monocytes and macrophages for personalized therapy and diagnostic challenge in rheumatoid arthritis." Cells 10.8 (2021): 1860.
- Fang, Qinghua, Chun Zhou, and Kutty Selva Nandakumar. "Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis." Mediators of inflammation 2020 (2020).