NAA and Thyroiditis
Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the most common representatives. Creative Biolabs is a USA world-leading natural autoantibodies (NAA) company that has been at the forefront of NAA research for more than 10 years. We want to contribute to better health in the world by developing and offering user-friendly NAA services and products.
Description of Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland that can be painless when caused by an autoimmune condition, medication, or an idiopathic fibrosis process. When caused by infection, radiation, or trauma, it may be accompanied by pain and tenderness. The most common forms are Hashimoto's disease, subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, subacute granulomatous thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, and drug-induced thyroiditis. Patients may have euthyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism, or may evolve from one condition to another over time. The diagnosis of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis) is usually straightforward. Patients typically present with a nontender goiter, symptoms of hypothyroidism, and elevated thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody level.
Fig.1 Classic triphasic pattern of subacute thyroiditis.1
Thyroiditis Develop Pathway
- T-Cell Activation
The autoimmune process is thought to begin with the specific activation of thyroid antigens by CD4 (helper) T lymphocytes. Interferon-gamma, a cytokine product of activated T cells, can induce the expression of MHC class II molecules by thyroid cells, thereby leading to T-cell restimulation by thyroid cells and perpetuation of the autoimmune process.
- Generation of an Autoantibody Response
Once activated, self-reactive CD4 T cells can stimulate autoreactive B cells to be recruited into the thyroid and secrete thyroid antibodies. The three main target antigens for thyroid antibodies are thyroglobulin; the thyroid microsomal antigen; and the thyrotropin receptor.
- Mechanism of Hypothyroidism
Activated CD4 T cells recruit cytotoxic (CD8) T cells and B cells into the thyroid. The direct killing of thyroid cells by CD8 cells is believed to be the main mechanism responsible for hypothyroidism. However, thyroid autoantibodies may also be pathogenic. Antithyrotropin receptor antibodies may also lead to hypothyroidism by blocking the action of thyrotropin.
Fig.2 Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease.2
NAA Services for Thyroiditis at Creative Biolabs
- NAA Services for Anti-TPO Antibodies
- NAA Services for Anti-TSH Receptor
- NAA Services for Anti-thyroglobulin Antibody
- NAA Services for Anti-Na+/I- Symporter Antibody
Thyroiditis Related Products at Creative Biolabs
Commercial assays to measure anti-Tg, anti-TPO, and anti-TSH receptor antibodies are now available. Widespread application of these tests has identified autoimmune thyroid disease as the most common autoimmune condition.
| Target | Product name | Cat.No |
|---|---|---|
| Thyroglobulin (TG) autoantibody | Human Thyroglobulin (TG) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-063 |
| Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) autoantibody | Human Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) Autoantibody (IgG) ELISA kit | NAK-064 |
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References
- Lanzo, Nicola, et al. "The old and the new in subacute thyroiditis: an integrative review." endocrines 3.3 (2022): 391-410.
- Fröhlich, Eleonore, and Richard Wahl. "Thyroid autoimmunity: role of anti-thyroid antibodies in thyroid and extra-thyroidal diseases." Frontiers in immunology 8 (2017): 265506.