TAS1R2 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of TAS1R2

TAS1R2 (Taste receptor type 1 member 2), a G protein-coupled receptor, is encoded by TAS1R2 gene. It is a component of the heterodimeric amino acid taste receptor T1R2+3, which mediates the perception of umami and sweet tastes and regulates metabolism. The TAS1R2 protein is functional with the formation of the 2+3 heterodimer and can be activated spontaneously without the extracellular domains and binding ligands.

Function of TAS1R2 Membrane Protein

The TAS1R2 receptor can respond to natural sugars sucrose and fructose, and to several artificial sugars. Research conducted on rat shows that the receptors can not respond to many other natural and artificial sugars, which suggest there must be more than one type of sweet taste receptor. The TAS1R2 can also bind to the G protein, several studies confirm that TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 have also been shown to activate Gαo and Gαi, which can affect the human sweet taste receptors. Meanwhile, it can inhibit adenylyl cyclases to decrease cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in taste receptors. The major SNP polymorphism in the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2) has previously been associated with lower sugar sensitivity and higher sugar intake among overweight individuals.

Fig.1 Sweet taste receptor.

Application of TAS1R2 Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Cai C., et al. Genes characterization of the sweet taste receptor Tas1r2 from an old world monkey species rhesus monkey and species-dependent activation of the monomeric receptor by an intense sweetener perillartine. PLoS One. 2016, 11(8). PubMed ID: 27479072
   
   

   Authors analyze the taste receptor Tas1r2 from a species of Old World monkeys, the rhesus monkey, and results show that rhesus monkey Tas1r2 could respond to artificial sweeteners and sweet-tasting proteins.

2. Han P., et al. Salivary leptin and TAS1R2/TAS1R3 polymorphisms are related to sweet taste sensitivity and carbohydrate intake from a buffet meal in healthy young adults. Br J Nutr. 2017, 118(10): 763-770. PubMed ID: 29110749
   
   

   This article analyses the SNP of the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 on sweet taste sensitivity, sensory-specific satiety (SSS) and macronutrient intake in healthy human adults, and reveals the association among specific SNP of the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 with various taste sensitivity, macronutrient appetite, and food consumption.

3. Pioltine M.B., et al. Genetic variations in sweet taste receptor gene are related to chocolate powder and dietary fiber intake in obese children and adolescents. J Pers Med. 2018, 8(1). PubMed ID: 29382185
   
   

   Authors conduct a study to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms of the sweet taste receptor gene TAS1R2 on diet and metabolic profile in obese children and adolescents. The data show that SNP allele is related to the status of dietary fiber intake.

4. Habberstad C., et al. Variation in the sweet taste receptor gene and dietary intake in a swedish middle-aged population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017, 8: 348. PubMed ID: 29326656
   
   

   This article studies the association between TAS1R2 polymorphisms with lean and overweight Swedish Middle-Aged individuals. Results confirm people who carry specific alleles have the higher carbohydrate intake, but no allele can be a marker of sugar intake in the MDC population.

5. Melo S.V., et al. Evaluation of the association between the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 variants and food intake and nutritional status in children. Genet Mol Biol. 2017, 40(2): 415-420. PubMed ID: 28497839
   
   

   This study aims to investigate the association of TAS1R2 (Ile191Val - rs35874116) and TAS1R3 (-1266 C/T - rs35744813) variants with food intake and nutritional status in children followed from birth until 7.7 years old. They find a genetic variant of the T1R2 taste receptor is associated with the intake of different amounts of high sugar-content foods in childhood.

TAS1R2 Preparation Options

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