Francisella tularesis Vaccines
Creative Biolabs is a professional vaccine development expert with extensive experience in vaccine design, immunogenicity evaluation, safety evaluation, and production process optimization. We have won good reputation among our worldwide customers for successfully accomplishing numerous challenging projects in vaccine development services for Francisella tularesis vaccines. We guarantee the finest results for our customers all over the world.
Francisella tularesis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is considered as the main cause of zoonotic disease in human. It has been found in a variety of hosts, including mammals and insects. It is one of the most infectious bacteria in North America and Eurasia regions. F. tularesis has five subspecies, two of them can cause human disease. It can infect in many tissues of human body, such as lung, skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. In this condition, Francisella tularesis has been considered as a potential biological risk and vaccination is a potential solution for Francisella tularesis infection prevention. Many F. tularesis vaccines have been produced in various animal models. However, no available vaccine has been licensed and approved for Francisella tularesis prevention.
Fig.1 Illustration of Francisella Survival Inside Macrophages. (Pechous R.D, et al., 2009)
The Killed Whole-cell Francisella tularesis Vaccines
Vaccine strategies should be a useful method for reducing F. tularesis infection. The killed whole-cell F. tularesis vaccine is an effective tool for the prevention of F. tularesis infection and treatment of tularaemia. This vaccine has been developed based on the virulent strain of F. tularesis and has been widely used for many years because of the high safety of subcutaneous injection, a reliable reproducibility, and short administration periods. But many clinical signs of infections have been found in immunized animals, including local necrotic lesions and regional lymphadenopathy. In this condition, the safety of this vaccine is still be questioned.
The Subunit Francisella tularesis Vaccines
The critical part of vaccination is bacterial strains which play important roles on whether a vaccine candidate is deemed protective. A number of antigens have been found and verified protective efficacy in animal models. Currently, the only protective antigen has been identified is lipopolysaccharide. Many animal studies suggest that immunization with lipopolysaccharide can trigger immune responses against F. tularesis low virulence strains but it can not provide enough protection against strains of F. tularensis ssp. tularensis. Many scientists and groups have made attempts to produce a subunit vaccine basing on the binding between lipopolysaccharide and an antigen which can elicit T-cell immunity.
The Live Attenuated Francisella tularesis Vaccines
For developing a live attenuated F. tularesis vaccine, Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) has been widely used in a number of studies. LVS is considered as the current gold standard for vaccine efficacy studies but it shows toxicity both in humans and mouse models. More studies are still needed to be done for further understanding the attenuation of the LVS. Meanwhile, Research also indicate that mutations, including the purMCD locus in F. tularensis ssp. holarctica can provide an attenuated and protective immunity in high-virulence strains, such as SCHU S4. Therefore, the generation of rationally attenuated mutants of a high-virulence strain of F. tularensis may offer the foundation for developing a licensable live attenuated vaccine against tularaemia in the near future.
Our Services for Francisella tularesis Vaccines
With a variety of mature and comprehensive platforms and technologies for the evaluation and improvement of vaccine development, our platform is dedicated to providing the best solutions and protocols customized to vaccines development for Francisella tularesis.
- Fully integrated vaccine services
- Cost-effective vaccine development manner
- Well-established vaccine developing platform
Creative Biolabs is a leader in the field of vaccine development and has focused on the vaccine development services for years. We have experienced experts and advanced platforms that are able to provide excellent services. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details.
Reference
- Pechous R.D, et al. (2009). “Working toward the future: insights into Francisella tularensis pathogenesis and vaccine development.” Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 73(4), 684-711.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
