Leptospirosis Vaccines
Creative Biolabs has more than 10 years of experience in vaccine development. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we are therefore confident in offering the best vaccine co-development services for Leptospirosis.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a serious and widespread infectious disease which is caused by pathogenic strains of Leptospira, affecting almost all mammals. It usually affects people who are often in contact with rodents, pets or sewage. Leptospira are infected through mucosal or open skin. The symptoms of leptospirosis are extremely wide, ranging from meningitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, pancreatitis, and nodular erythema to death. Leptospira has more than 200 pathogenic serotypes, divided into 25 serogroups, and many different strains with small antigenic differences can be found in some serotypes.
Fig.1 The infection pathway of Leptospire. (Wang Z. 2007)
Development of Vaccine for Leptospirosis
Leptospira has evolved a way to evade immune defenses. Pathogenic Leptospira can cross the cell monolayer at a much greater rate than non-pathogenic Leptospira. Therefore, developing an effective and safe leptospirosis vaccine is a challenge for scientists. Molecular and cellular studies on leptospirosis vaccines have focused on bacterial motility, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoproteins and potential virulence factors.
Killed Vaccines
A variety of methods have been used to kill Leptospira for use as vaccines, including heating, formalin, phenol, ethanol, freeze-thaw, and irradiation. Vaccine using whole-cell inactivated bacterins has been licensed. These have been widely used in cattle, pigs, and dogs. Since the components of Leptospira and the components of the growth medium cause reactivity problems, Leptospirosis vaccines for human have not yet achieved the same level of acceptance as animals.
Live Vaccines
Vaccines attenuated by laboratory passage showed protective immunity in hamsters, pigs, and cattle, but the use of this vaccine in humans may cause safety problems.
Recombinant Protein Vaccines
Several leptospiral recombinant protein vaccines have been constructed using modern biotechnological methods, including:
- Recombinant OMPs: OmpL1, LipL41, Hap1, Lig protein, and LAg42, Loa22, Lk73.5…
- Recombinant lipoprotein: LipL41, LipL32, LipL45, LipL21, glycolipoproteins (GLPs)…
- Recombinant virulence: Hsp58, FlaA, FlaB, SphH, ChpK...
Lipopolysaccharide Vaccines
The major surface component of Leptospira is LPS which is a protective antigen. Analysis of lipopolysaccharide should open up new avenues for vaccine development. Leptospira LPSs activate macrophages via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is LPS, not lipoprotein, that stimulates the signaling component for macrophages through the TLR2 pathway. A number of reports have been published regarding Leptospira lipopolysaccharide as a vaccine candidate against leptospirosis.
DNA Vaccines
Several novel strategies have been developed to increase the efficacy of DNA vaccines. Examples of such strategies include the introduction of new plasmid vectors, adjuvants, alternative delivery routes, and prime-boost protocols. It will be very valuable to test the immunological properties of various Leptospira DNA vaccine complexes in animals.
Creative Biolabs has now established a comprehensive vaccine development system and a corresponding service system. At every step of your vaccine development, we are able to provide you with the highest quality service, allowing you to experience the most comfortable vaccine development experience. Please do not hesitate to contact us for more details!
Reference
- Wang Z, et al. Leptospirosis vaccines. Microb Cell Fact. 2007, 6:39.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
