NAA Services for Anti-Smith

Natural autoantibodies (NAA) have become a group of diagnostic markers for autoimmune diseases and several cancers. With abundant experience in NAA research, Creative Biolabs has become a world-leading service provider by offering a full range of NAA-related services for global customers based on our powerful and versatile NAA detection platforms. Over the past years, we have developed a series of custom services for disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring based on the anti-Smith autoantibodies.

Background of Anti-Smith Autoantibodies

Smith proteins are first discovered as antigens targeted by so-called anti-Smith antibodies in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They are named as Smith proteins in honor of Stephanie Smith, a patient who suffered from SLE. Smith proteins are a complex of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules and multiple proteins. A group of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules, called U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6, are essential parts of this complex. Four of these snRNAs (U1, U2, U4, and U5) are found to bind closely to several small proteins, namely SmB, SmD, SmE, SmF, and SmG. These proteins are known as the Smith core proteins which are complexed with snRNAs to form particles in the cell's nucleus called small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, or snRNPs. Anti-Smith autoantibodies are directed against seven proteins (SmB, SmB', SmD1, SmD2, SmD3, SmE, SmF, and SmG) that constitute the common core of snRNP particles.

The Role of Anti-Smith Autoantibodies in NAA Associated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Anti-Smith autoantibodies are only present in 15 to 30% of the patients with SLE, but they are highly specific to SLE. They are found more frequently (60%) in young black females with SLE. But they are almost never found in healthy individuals or patients with other autoimmune diseases such as mixed connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Hence anti-Smith autoantibody tests have considerable diagnostic value for SLE. Besides, the presence of anti-Smith autoantibodies is independently associated with early poor outcomes in biopsy-proven lupus nephritis (LN).

Fig.1 Autoantibodies and the neuropsychiatric SLE mechanism. (Fujieda, 2020)Fig.1 Autoantibodies and the neuropsychiatric SLE mechanism.1

What We Can Do about NAA?

With years of experience in the field of NAA research, Creative Biolabs is very proud to offer a full range of NAA services for customers from all over the world. We have established a versatile technology platform which is optimal for NAA detection, profiling, epitope mapping, etc. Besides, our expert staff comprised of prominent scholars and industry leaders is ready to help customers solve their puzzles in NAA research.

Features of Our Services

If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details. Besides, we also offer a custom service to meet customers' special purpose of NAA projects.

Reference:

  1. Fujieda, Yuichiro. "Diversity of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus." Immunological medicine 43.4 (2020): 135-141.
For Research Use Only | Not For Clinical Use

Related Services:

Products:

Resource:

Applications:

Online Inquiry
Inquiry