Vaccines for Newcastle Disease Virus
Administration of vaccines combined with good management and strict biosecurity is an effective way for Newcastle disease (ND) control. The main approach to control the outbreaks of ND in local chicken breeds is the use of vaccination protocols. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient NDV vaccine.
Newcastle Disease Virus
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the prototype of paramyxovirus, is a member of the Avulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family and causes the highly contagious Newcastle disease (ND) in many avian species, resulting in significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Strains of NDV are classified into three main pathogens as highly virulent (velogenic), intermediate (mesogenic), and non-virulent (lentogenic) on the basis of their pathogenicity for chickens. The NDV genome is approximately 15 kb long, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA encoding six proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M) protein, fusion (F) protein, haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, and polymerase (L) protein.
Fig. 1 Schematic of Newcastle disease virus particle. (Yan. 2008)
Vaccines for Newcastle Disease Virus
- Live Vaccines and Inactivated Vaccines
Currently, naturally occurring non-toxic or low-toxic strains of NDV strains, such as the lentogenic NDV strains Hitchner B1, LaSota, Fuller (F), and mesogenic strain R2B, are routinely used as live vaccines worldwide, and the development of reverse genetics systems provides a means of generating live virus vector vaccines based on NDV. They can be administered by drinking water or by spraying and can be inoculated in large quantities in the wild. In addition, NDV-based vaccines have lower production costs and higher production yields than inactivated vaccines.
All inactivated viruses are poorly immunogenic, and in order to enhance the immunogenicity of the entire inactivated virus, some adjuvants are required. Inactivated vaccines can be vaccinated on a large scale in the intensive poultry industry by spraying, showering or drinking water.
- Adjuvant of NDV Vaccines
Saponin adjuvant vaccines are capable of inducing a strong immune response, leading to complete protection of the chicken. Importantly, the vaccine prevents the virus from escaping, which is not available in attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Therefore, this formulation can be used as a platform for replacing and improving NDV vaccines for disease control in Newcastle disease-prone countries.
- DNA Vaccines
Plasmid vector expressing Newcastle Disease Virus F protein (NDV-F) is capable of producing high levels of antibodies against NDV and protecting the chicken from lethal NDV attacks. Since the mucosal site is the entrance to the pathogen, immunization via the mucosal route can greatly enhance immunity. It is reported that N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) can be used as an effective delivery carrier for mucosal immunity of Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine, and improve the mucosal immunity of DNA vaccine. Therefore, DNA vaccines combined with some delivery vehicles can provide DNA vaccines with effective protection against NDV, and have immense application promise and potential for vaccines and drugs.
Our Services for Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine
- Inactivation of the virus
- The novel attenuation approaches
- Animal immunization and challenge
- Suitable adjuvant
Creative Biolabs has years of experience in vaccine development. The NDV vaccines we help you develop can enhance the immune response, minimize or completely ban the clinical symptoms and mortality of ND, and reduce the ND virus shedding to prevent it from entering the surrounding environment. If you are interested, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
- Yan Y. (2008). Role of noncoding regions in Newcastle disease virus replication and pathogenesis. Dissertations & Theses - Gradworks.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.