Vaccines for Virus from Herpesviridae Family
Creative Biolabs is a world leader in the field of viral vaccine development. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, we are therefore confident in offering the best vaccine development services for different types of diseases caused by virus from Herpesviridae family, including Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella Zoster Virus, Epstein–Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Roseoloviruses and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. We guarantee the finest results for our customers all over the world.
The Herpesviridae are a large family of enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. To date, more than 130 members of the family have been identified. These viruses have been found in almost every species in which they have been actively sought, including both warm- and cold-blooded species, vertebrate and invertebrate. Following infection of their natural host, the viruses establish a latent infection that persists for the life of the host. In the latent state, only a small subset of the viral genes are expressed. Then, reactivation, with expression of viral proteins and production of progeny virus, may occur at intervals to produce recurrent infection. This allows virus transmission to new and susceptible hosts.
Fig.1 Structure of the Herpesvirus virion.
Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines
Human Herpesvirus 1 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 1; HSV-1) and Human Herpesvirus 2 (Herpes Simplex Virus type 2; HSV-2) are members of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Simplexvirus. Man is the only natural host, although a wide range of primates and non-primates can be infected under artificial (laboratory) conditions.
Traditional viral vaccines induce an immune response that prevents viral disease, but the complex life cycle of HSV mandates consideration of the goal of an HSV vaccine: to provide protection against symptomatic HSV disease or protection against acute HSV infection and establishment of latency. The former is more easily achieved than protection against infection. Alternatively, vaccine in those with latent HSV could prevent reactivation, recurrent disease, and transmission. Clinical HSV vaccine trials should define clearly the types of protection being measured.
Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccines
Two common diseases are caused by Human herpesvirus 3, commonly called Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV): chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Chickenpox is the manifestation of primary infection with VZV and is one of the commonest communicable diseases worldwide. Shingles is the manifestation of VZV reactivation and although rarely a life-threatening disease, it is perhaps of more concern communitywide because of the pain, not only of the acute lesion but also of the frequent post-herpetic neuralgia, which can be very debilitating and is notoriously difficult to treat.
Epstein–Barr Virus Vaccines
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), or Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4). It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis or glandular fever. It is also associated with particular forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), such as hairy leukoplakia and central nervous system lymphomas. There is evidence that infection with EBV is associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and multiple sclerosis.
Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were first described in the early years of the twentieth century when the typical ‘owl’s eye’ intranuclear inclusions were found by histopathologists in tissues from foetuses stillborn following cytomegalic inclusion disease. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are currently eight species in this genus including the type species, Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV, human herpesvirus 5, HHV-5), which is the most studied of all Cytomegaloviruses. Diseases associated with HHV-5 include glandular fever and pneumonia.
Roseoloviruses Vaccines
Human herpesvirus 6 and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7) are Roseoloviruses, which infect almost all babies and persist for their lifetime. Also, these viruses can be serious hazards during primary or reactivated infections, particularly in immunodeficient settings. Fortunately, despite their widespread nature, these T lymphotropic and neurotropic viruses are generally regarded as benign infections.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Vaccines
The Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with three forms of human neoplasia. It was first discovered in Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), with which it is strongly associated, hence the designation Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) given to it by its discoverers. It is also consistently found in a very rare form of B cell lymphoma, body cavity-associated lymphoma (BCBL) or primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). Finally, it is found in the plasma cell variant of multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD), particularly in HIV-infected individuals, and may also play a role in occasional cases of bone marrow failure in immunosuppressed individuals.
Creative Biolabs is pleased to share our cutting-edge technology and extensive expertise in the field of viral vaccine development and has focused on the Herpesviridae vaccines for years. We can offer high-quality customized services by adjusting protocols to meet even the most specific requirements. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more details.
References
- Subramaniam A and Britt WJ. (2018). “Herpesviridae Infection: Prevention, Screening, and Management.” Clin Obstet Gynecol. 61(1), 157-176.
- El Hayderi L, et al. (2017). “The alpha-herpesviridae in dermatology: Herpes simplex virus types I and II.” Hautarzt. 68(Suppl 1), 1-5.
All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.
