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Solute Carrier Family 2 (Glucose Transporters)

The SLC2 (GLUT) family of glucose and polyol transporters are members of the major facilitator superfamily of membrane transporters and they are encoded by the SLC2 genes. GLUT family comprises fourteen members, which in humans are categorized into three classes based on sequence similarity. All GLUT proteins appear to have 12 transmembrane segments, a single site of N-linked glycosylation, a relatively large, central, cytoplasmic linker domain, and exhibit topologies with both their N and C termini positioned in the cytoplasm.

One or more GLUT proteins are expressed in almost every cell type in the human body. When expressed ectopically, all GLUTs appear to transport hexoses or polyols but the primary physiological substrates for several GLUTs remain uncertain. 11 of the 14 members of the GLUT family are able to transport glucose under experimental conditions. GLUTs 1-5 are the most thoroughly studied and all have a well-defined role as glucose and/or fructose transporters in a variety of tissues and cell types. The physiological interpretation for the protein redundancy of that transport glucose is likely to be a key property of this sugar as a circulating fuel in humans, thus requiring multiple glucose transporters with different kinetic and regulatory properties that are expressed in a cell-type specific manner.

Amino acid sequence and membrane topology of human GLUT1. Fig.1 Amino acid sequence and membrane topology of human GLUT1. (Mueckler, 2013)

The 14 members of GLUT family consists of 500 amino acid residues and can be divided into three classes based on the sequence similarity: Class 1 (GLUTs 1-4, 14); Class 2 (GLUTs 5, 7, 9, and 11); and Class 3 (GLUTs 6, 8, 10, 12, and HMIT).

Human SLC2 (GLUT) Family Members
SLC2A2 SLC2A3 SLC2A4 SLC2A5 SLC2A6 SLC2A7 SLC2A8
SLC2A9 SLC2A10 SLC2A11 SLC2A12 SLC2A13 SLC2A14  

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Reference

  1. Mueckler M and Thorens B. (2013). The SLC2 (GLUT) family of membrane transporters. Mol Aspects Med. 34(2-3): 121-38.

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