Haemophilus influenzae-derived Exosome Research and Application

Several bacterial-derived exosomes, including Haemophilus influenzae, are promising vaccine candidates. Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes were found to contain several naturally occurring bacterial antigenic compounds that have the potential to be constructed into immunogenic vaccines against their donor bacteria. Creative Biolabs provides customized solutions around the production and analysis of bacterial-derived exosomes, advancing clients' bacterial vesicle research and application translation.

Production of Haemophilus influenzae-derived Exosomes

Centrifuge inactivated Haemophilus influenzae, then resuspend the precipitate with NaCl solution and homogenize.
Centrifuge the Haemophilus influenzae suspension and then stabilize in Tris buffer.
Add Tris buffer containing EDTA and sodium deoxycholate to the mixture to suspend the Haemophilus influenzae precipitate in deoxycholate.
Ultracentrifuge and retain the supernatant. Then centrifuge again to obtain Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosome pellets.
Resuspend Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes with 3% sucrose and sterilize by filtration.

Fig. 1 Electron micrographs of Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes.¹

Research on Haemophilus influenzae-derived Exosomes

Research	Conclusion
Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes delivering adjuvants affected antibody levels in mice.	ELISA results showed that treatment with a mixture of Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes and adjuvants maximized the up-regulation of antibody levels in mice compared with free adjuvants and individual exosomes. Moreover, there were more IgG1 than IgG2a in the isotype antibodies.
Treatment of Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes delivering adjuvants modulated cytokines.	After Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes delivery adjuvant injection and again stimulation with antigen, higher levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. Among them, IL-4 had higher levels than IFN-γ and IL-10, suggesting that this stimulus was more likely to induce the humoral immune response.

Applications of Haemophilus influenzae-derived Exosomes

Application to vaccine development.

Vaccines for the prevention of Haemophilus influenzae infections can be developed by extracting Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes, obtaining the antigens therein, and combining them with appropriate adjuvant substances. These vaccines provide protection by triggering a specific immune response in the immune system.

As drug delivery systems.

The unique structure and function of Haemophilus influenzae-derived exosomes make it possible for them to serve as carriers in which drugs can be encapsulated, enabling stable drug carriage and delivery.

High antigenic heterogeneity and surface antigenic variation limited the production and improvement of vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae. Some studies have successfully purified exosome-like outer membrane vesicles from Haemophilus influenzae that are capable of delivering adjuvants efficiently, providing ideas for the development of novel vaccines. Creative Biolabs can provide customized services to assist with bacterial vesicle research. Please contact us with your demands.

Reference

Behrouzi, Ava, et al. "Evaluation of immunological responses against outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae using MPLA-CpG adjuvant as a vaccine candidate." Iranian Journal of Microbiology 12.5 (2020): 417.

Plant Exosome Isolation