Targeting Golgi

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is a central organelle of the secretory pathway involved in the post-translational modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. Alterations of the Golgi organization are associated with many disorders. With our extensive experience and advanced platform, Creative Biolabs has developed an innovative module targeting Glogi. Here, modules targeting Golgi and cell surface could be conjugated together for the delivery of therapeutic drug into Golgi of specific cells or tissues.

Golgi

Golgi is the central organelle of the cell secretory pathway and interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Golgi carries out post-translational modification of newly synthesized proteins by employing various enzymes for phosphorylation, acylation, glycosylation, methylation, and sulfation. For instance, if mannose-6-phosphate is added, the protein will be destined for the lysosome. Certain pathological changes, pharmacological agents, and over-expression of Golgi-associated proteins cause profound alterations in the Golgi apparatus. Alterations in the neuronal Golgi apparatus gives rise to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Niemann-Pick disease. Moreover, the Golgi apparatus has been postulated as future targets for anticancer therapy. For example, drugs directed against the Golgi are effective in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Fig.1 Detail of the endomembrane system and its components.

The Strategy of Golgi Targeting

The ER-Golgi network is a future target for anticancer therapy, and there are various strategies for targeting molecules to this network. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway regulates cell-cycle progression, translation, initiation, transcriptional stress responses, protein stability, and cell survival. In some cancer cells, mTOR activation results in the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Thus, inhibition of mTOR (e.g., by rapamycin), the associated loss of negative feedback results in an increase in activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its effector, thereby decreasing the antiproliferative effect of mTOR inhibition and hence playing a crucial role in cancer. It has been reported that using four sequences, which include two internal mTOR sequences i.e., Huntingtin, elongation factor 3 (EF3), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and the yeast kinase (TOR1) (HEAT) repeats, HEAT18/19, and two intervening interunit spacers (IUS), IUS17/18, green fluorescent protein can be targeted to the Golgi.

Fig.2 Golgi stress response pathways.¹

What Can We Do for You?

Equipped with our well-established module delivery systems and experienced scientists, we can provide either individual targeting modules or different kinds of module-payload/carrier conjugates targeting Golgi. A wide spectrum of corresponding products are also available upon your request.

In order to enhance the therapeutic effect, many therapeutic agents need to be localized in Golgi. Creative Biolabs has gained abundant experience in the field of subcellular organelles targeted delivery. Our professional scientists provide customized high-quality Golgi delivery services to meet clients’ requirements. If you are interested in our targeted delivery service, please don’t hesitate to contact us for more information.

Reference

1. Khine, Myat Nyein, and Kaori Sakurai. "Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products." Cancers 15.7 (2023): 2086.

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