C1s Enzyme

Background

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and proteins of C1s enzyme to help researchers improve their experiments and research in the field of complement. Our dedication to quality ensures reliable results, improving the accuracy and efficiency of your experiments.

Introduction

Complement is the name of a system of approximately 25 soluble proteins, 10 cell surface receptors, and regulatory proteins. Complement is an essential component of intrinsic immunity, helping to protect against common pathogens and playing a vital role in innate defense. Activation of complement triggers a series of potent proteolytic cascades that ultimately lead to the phagocytosis and lysis of pathogenic microorganisms and produce a typical inflammatory response.

The biological effects of complement are:

• Enhanced phagocytosis and chemotaxis of phagocytes;
• Increased vascular permeability;
• Neutralization of viruses;
• Cell lysis;
• Regulation of immune responses, etc.

The classic activation pathway of the complement system is that C1q recognizes and binds to the antigen-antibody complex, thereby triggering a series of complement cascade reactions.

Fig.1 Structure of C1s.Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0, from Wiki, without modification.

C1s is one of the subunits of C1, an intrinsic component of the classical complement activation pathway. C1 has three subunits, C1q, C1r, and C1s, which form a pentamer macromolecular complex (C1qC1r2C1s2) in the presence of calcium ions in a 1:2:2 ratio. C1s is a serine protease primordium, and its substrates, after activation, are C4 and C2.

C1s and Human Diseases

The complement system is an important system involved in innate immunity and adaptive immunity. When it is abnormal, it will lead to the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Since C1s are relevant to the development of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers, they can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Its inhibition could block the complement system at an early stage.

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and proteins of C1s enzyme to help researchers improve their experiments and research in the field of complement.

C1s Enzyme Functional Service

Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of C1s enzyme related products, including C1s enzyme proteins. These products can effectively carry out C1s enzyme related experiments and thus play an important role in your research.

Fig. 2 Expression of C1r and C1s is upregulated in cutaneous cSCC cells.¹

The role of the complement system in cancer progression has become a focus of research. Studies indicate that cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells show significantly elevated levels of C1R and C1S mRNA, as well as increased production of the proteins C1r and C1s, compared to normal human epidermal keratinocytes.¹ This suggests that cSCC cells specifically overexpress these components of the complement system. C1r and C1s contribute to the growth of cSCC xenografts in vivo by enhancing tumor vascularization and cell viability. Additionally, they serve as molecular markers derived from tumor cells in cSCC.

Creative Biolabs offers C1s enzyme functional services, including C1s enzyme binding and other tailored functional services for our esteemed clients engaged in clinical and scientific research.

Reference

1. Riihilä, P., et al. "Tumour‐cell‐derived complement components C1r and C1s promote growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma." British Journal of Dermatology 182.3 (2020): 658-670. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.