Aracatuba Virus Vaccine

Creative Biolabs has been engaged in the development and research of vaccines for many years. After more than ten years of accumulation, the company now has a mature R&D system and a group of high-quality researchers. We have in-depth research and exploration in the field of poxvirus vaccines. We can design vaccines with good immunogenicity for various poxviruses in the family and provide various services related to the development of poxvirus vaccines.

Aracatuba Virus

Aracatuba virus is a vaccinia-like virus that is closely similar to VACV-WR strain, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family. The virus was initially isolated from the cell monolayers in a bovine fetal kidney. Transmission electronic microscopy shows that the virus presents a typical poxvirus morphology in a brick-shaped form and is around 260 × 360 nm in length. The virus considered as a variant of vaccinia virus is mainly distributed in Brazil and generally residents in cattle and humans. As variola virus has been eradicated in the world, the origin of the Aracatuba virus is speculated to be an escape of variola vaccine stock when the nation was taking a vaccination program in the early 1980s. The virus is categorized as low virulent vaccinia strain with traits of deletions of 18-nucleotide and 15-nucleotide in the A56R and K2L genes respectively. The two genes are separately responsible for the expression of viral hemagglutinin and serine protease inhibitor-3.

People infected with Aracatuba virus develop common symptoms like other zoonotic poxviruses. These symptoms include cutaneous lesions with fevers and adenopathy after an incubation period, the disease often lasts for several weeks.

Immune Responses in Aracatuba Virus Infection

Innate and adaptive responses are considered both important in defending body against infection. Neutralizing antibodies are induced usually in the late first week and are able to last for several years at high level. The quantity of the neutralizing antibody increases rapidly when vaccination is boosted. Antibodies that inhibit haemagglutinin are produced at the same time and its titer descend gradually in the years following immunization. Cell-mediated immune response occurs a few days after infection prior to the production of antibodies. Memory T cells are able to maintain over 4 years and even decades after immunization. People who are deficient in T cells died soon when got the infection, indicating that cell immune response is of significant importance in protecting body against infection.

Poxvirus also has some strategies to maintain their existence in host cells by encoding cytokines and cytokine receptor analogs to bind main mediators of innate immunity. For incidence, some poxvirus express certain proteins that mimic the interleukin-18 binding protein to block the production of the IFN-γ. Besides, they can encode a secretion form of homologs of TNF-receptor to disrupt the TNF/TNF-receptor pathway in order to evade the host immune responses. In order to prepare a good candidate vaccine, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between the pathogen and the host is indispensable, which is not only important for guiding the design of the vaccine, but also an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate vaccine in the later stage.

The Development of the Aracatuba Virus Vaccine

Aracatuba virus is primarily distributed in Brazil and because of its low rate of outbreak and relatively less virulent, the studies on the virus is limited. Current strategies to prevent infections by Aracatuba virus are mainly based on attenuated or inactivated vaccinia virus. Creative Biolabs has been researching and exploring the Aracatuba virus vaccine for many years. We can successfully prepare attenuated and inactivated vaccines based on vaccinia virus and has deep research and development experience in the subunit vaccine of this virus. We are able to provide a wide range of related services, including but not limited to, vaccine design, preparation, animal model establishment, immunogenicity evaluation, vaccine optimization, and production process optimization.

As a rising star in the vaccine industry, Creative Biolabs has gathered a team of professional scientists in just a few decades to establish a comprehensive and mature vaccine development system covering all aspects of bacteria, viruses and even tumor vaccines. In the past decades, we have provided perfect and reliable services to vaccine research peers around the world. We also have profound technical supports in the development of Aracatuba virus vaccine. We are confident to offer the most desirable services for you.

All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.