Goatpox Virus Vaccine

Creative Biolabs is an excellent vaccine development company with decades of successful R&D experience and has provided a large number of efficient and reliable services to a wide range of researchers. We are a leader in the field of poxvirus vaccines, with a highly specialized research team and advanced platforms and technologies. We are confident in providing the best services with the highest quality.

Goatpox Virus

Goatpox virus (GTPV) is a member of genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae with a large genome of dsDNA and enveloped virion. The virus is inactivated by heating at 56°C for 2 hours or at 65°C for half an hour. The virus survives between pH 6.6 and 8.6 and strong acidic and alkaline conditions can destroy the structure of the virus. The virus mainly infects goats and sheep and cause huge losses in economics. Goatpox virus is generally distributed in North and Central Africa, Asia and Middle Eastern countries. Contact with infected animals and fomites may lead to infection with the virus. Spread of the virus is an outcome of the movement of the infected animals. Goatpox can lead to a decline in the production of dairy products and meat, affecting the quality of wool products and leather, and thus causing huge economic losses.

Immunity and Vaccination

The immune response caused by poxvirus and related vaccine is usually strong and lasting. Immune responses induced by poxvirus include humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The immunity obtained from the mother can usually only provide protection for up to three months. Animals that survived from goatpox virus infection generally have lifelong immunity. A wide range of vaccination against goatpox virus can produce strong herd immunity and effectively control the spread of disease. Studies have shown that a single vaccination can provide lifelong immunity to animals, and animals that recovered from infection have abilities to resist reinfection. The ability is derived from the cell-mediated immune response.

The Development of the Goatpox Vaccine

Goatpox vaccines are mainly live and inactivated goatpox virus from different strains, but inactivated vaccines are not protective enough for goats and the immunity such vaccine provided is not long-lasting.

Attenuated Live Vaccines

An attenuated live goatpox vaccine that derived from Vero cell is approved for listing and commercial use in India. The vaccine requires intradermal inoculation on the tail of the animal and could provide an enduring protection for about 52 months. Another vaccine that has been applied in Africa is also live and attenuated but based on Kenyan sheep and goat 0240 strain (KSG 0240). This vaccine has been proved to be safe and effective in goats and sheep but is restricted to be used for cattle for its virulence in the species. This fact suggests that heterologous virus may not be a suitable vaccine candidate.

DNA Vaccines

Two bicistronic expression DNA vaccines pCSm-AAL and pCSm-BAA based on the Semliki forest virus replicon encode structural proteins of goatpox virus, which correspond to A27, L1, A33 and B5 proteins of vaccinia virus. These vaccines are able to induce humoral immune response and cellular immune response in mice and goats, and even show protection in the above models.

Combined Vaccines

Combined vaccine that consists of attenuated goatpox virus strain (Uttarkashi) and peste des petites ruminants virus (PPRV) strain (Sungri isolate/96) could provide 100% protection against both GTPV and PPRV and a single immunization could induce a lifelong immunity. Besides, another combined vaccine consisting of highly attenuated GTPV and thermostable PPRV is being evaluated for the effectiveness. A new triple vaccine incorporating attenuated PPRV (Jhansi, P-50), GTPV (Uttarkashi, P100) and Orf virus (PRFV Mukteswar, P50) is of good immunogenicity and could provide protective immune response for goats.

Other Vaccines for Goatpox

Subunit vaccines using recombinant proteins of Capripoxvirus is also a strategy for vaccine design. Such proteins include VP3 protein of sheeppox virus and P32 protein which is a primary structural protein of Capripoxvirus. These proteins are commonly formulated with adjuvant to exert their functions. And studies show that the protection these proteins induced is partially and further optimization of immunogenicity is needed for such vaccines.

Using Capripoxvirus as a vector to express protective antigen of pathogen is another method to design vaccine. A vaccine that vectored with recombinant Capripoxvirus carrying genes of fusion or hemagglutinin of PPRV is protective against challenge with goatpox virus and PPRV.

Creative Biolabs has proven and creative methods and strategies in all aspects and all stages of the development of poxvirus vaccines. We are based on the latest scientific discoveries in the field and take the lead in developing relevant technologies. Our continuous innovation capability is our unique advantage. The huge theoretical transformation ability is our fast-growing wings in the field. Based on traditional technology, we are able to design and prepare various types of poxvirus vaccines. Based on the genius creation of our scientists, we can fulfill any customized needs of you. Whether it is a finished vaccine or related research services, choosing us must be your best decision.

All of our products can only be used for research purposes. These vaccine ingredients CANNOT be used directly on humans or animals.