Magnetic Nanoparticle Annotation
Creative Biolabs is a professional supplier of magnetic nanoparticles. We have a professional team of scientists who will provide customers with comprehensive and rapid magnetic nanoparticles bioconjugation services through standard experimental procedures to meet customers' research needs.
Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are nanoscale particles, which are generally synthesized from a magnetic core composed of metal oxides such as Fe, Co, and Ni, and a polymer/silicon/hydroxyapatite shell layer wrapped around the magnetic core. The most common core layer is made of Fe3O4 or γ-Fe2O3 with superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic properties. The core layer has a magnetic orientation (biological targeting) and can achieve directional movement under the action of an external magnetic field, which is convenient for separation and positioning from the medium. The most common shell layer is composed of high molecular polymers, and the active groups conjugated on the shell layer can be combined with a variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, antigens, antibodies, nucleic acids, etc., to achieve their functionalization. Therefore, MNPs have both the characteristics of magnetic particles and polymer particles, with magnetic orientation, biocompatibility, biodegradability, small size effect, surface effect, active groups, and certain biomedical functions.
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of multifunctional MNPs.
Bioconjugation of MNPs
Due to the influence of magnetic properties, MNPs without surface modification are prone to agglomeration, resulting in increased particle size and poor dispersion stability, which cannot meet the requirements of biomedical applications. In addition, since MNPs first interact with proteins in plasma after intravenous injection, various components will be adsorbed on the surface of MNPs, making them easy to be recognized by phagocytes, and then phagocytosed by the reticuloendothelial system and quickly cleared from the blood circulation. The surface-modified MNPs will increase the encapsulation and release of drugs, promote the uptake of MNPs, improve the biocompatibility and water solubility of MNPs, improve the dispersion stability of MNPs, and greatly improve the blood circulation time of MNPs.
MNPs can have a variety of reactive functional groups after surface modification, such as -CHO, -OH, -COOH, -NH2, etc. This can not only improve the dispersibility and water solubility of MNPs, but also link biomolecules to MNPs, such as drugs, DNA or RNA, immune proteins, and biological enzymes. At the same time, specific targeting molecules, such as specific ligands and monoclonal antibodies, can also be conjugated on the surface of MNPs. Through the binding of targeting molecules conjugated on the surface of MNPs to specific receptors on the cell surface, MNPs are taken up by cells to achieve safe and effective targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, cell surface labeling, isotope labeling, etc., thus achieving biomedical requirements.
Based on the above principles, the bioconjugates of the following biomolecules and MNPs can be constructed:
- Oil-soluble or water-soluble drug molecules, such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel, are loaded onto the surface of MNPs.
- Bio-targeted small molecules, such as RGD peptide, folic acid, galactose, glucose, etc., are conjugated to the surface of MNPs through EDC/NHS conjugating to construct targeted nanoprobes.
- Biotargeting antibodies or enzymes are conjugated to the surface of MNPs through amide bonds or disulfide bonds to construct targeting nanoprobes.
- RNA or DNA and MNPs are constructed into assemblies by electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and loading to realize transfection or transport of RNA or DNA.
Currently, MNPs are mainly used in biomedicine in magnetic separation, magnetic transfection, immunoassay, magnetic drug targeting, tumor hyperthermia, MRI, and sensors.
Fig.2 Various applications of MNPs.
Please contact us to discuss your project and we will tailor an MNPs technological solution to achieve your goals.
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