C1s Proenzyme

Background

Creative Biolabs offers researchers a diverse selection of top-notch antibodies, assay kits, and C1s proenzyme proteins to enhance related experiments in the complement field. Our commitment to excellence guarantees dependable results, improving the precision and effectiveness of your studies.

Introduction

C1s proenzyme is the native form of C1s when it is not activated. It is a single-chain protein of 86,000 daltons. C1s is the first complement component in the classical complement pathway cascade and is primarily produced in hepatocytes. It is a subunit of the C1 complex and is an inactive zymogen before C1 is activated. When an antigen-antibody complex activates the C1 complex, the C1r enzyme is produced. C1r enzyme activates C1s zymogen, converting it into C1s enzyme, which plays a role in the complement cascade. With C1q and C1r proenzyme and the presence of calcium, C1s proenzyme can be used to form the C1 complex. After being activated into C1s enzyme, it can activate C4 and C2.

C1s is one of the subunits of C1, an intrinsic component of the classical complement activation pathway. C1 has three subunits, C1q, C1r, and C1s, which form a pentamer macromolecular complex (C1qC1r2C1s2) in the presence of calcium ions in a 1:2:2 ratio.

The complement is a collection of active protein enzymes found in the serum and tissue fluids of both normal humans and animals following activation. It is an essential component of intrinsic immunity and a complement to antibody-triggered responses; hence, it is called a complement. The complement pathway can be activated by antigen-antibody complexes or microorganisms, resulting in the eventual lysis or phagocytosis of pathogenic organisms.

Fig.1 Classical pathway of complement system.Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0, from Wiki, without modification.

C1s Proenzyme Assays

To detect the activity of the C1s proenzyme, the C1r enzyme should first be activated. Then, the ability to bind to the C1 inhibitor can be measured to determine its activity.

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and C1s proenzyme proteins to help researchers improve their experiments and research in the field of complement.

C1s Proenzyme Functional Service

Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of C1s proenzyme related products, including C1s proenzyme proteins. These products can effectively carry out C1s proenzyme related experiments and thus play an important role in your research.

Fig. 2 Effects of anticoagulants on FRET-based immunoassay for C1s detection.¹

The activation of C1s is linked to the development of various diseases, indicating that detecting activated C1s may have significant clinical applications. Researchers developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based immunoassay to quantitatively measure activated C1s in serum.¹ Typically, C1s exists in the body as a zymogen and becomes enzymatically active only after being activated by C1r. Therefore, accurately determining the activity of activated C1 is crucial for understanding its precise role in both physiological and pathological conditions in humans and other mammals. In diseases related to the complement system, measuring the level of active C1s in serum provides essential information for diagnosis, treatment, and research into disease mechanisms.

Creative Biolabs offers C1s proenzyme functional services, including detection of C1s proenzyme binding and other tailored functional services for our esteemed clients engaged in clinical and scientific research.

Reference

1. Ye, Jun, et al. "Quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based immunoassay for activated complement C1s." Frontiers in Immunology 14 (2023): 1081793. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.