C1SA

Background

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and C1sa proteins to help researchers improve their experiments and research in the field of complement. Our dedication to quality ensures reliable results, improving researchers with accuracy and efficiency.

Introduction

C1sa is a group of C1s genes in mice, and another group is called C1sb, which are duplicated. The murine C1sa gene is homologous to the human C1s gene and is produced in the liver. In contrast, the C1sb gene is expressed only in the testes (the male reproductive organ) and is, therefore, not thought to play a role in activation via the classical complement pathway. The corresponding proteins have 93.0% amino acid identity and are highly homologous to human C1s. C1s is one of the subunits of C1, an intrinsic component of the classical complement activation pathway, and it is related to many autoimmune and infectious diseases.

Complement System and C1s

Complement is a group of enzymatically active proteins present in average human and animal serum and tissue fluids upon activation. It is an essential component of intrinsic immunity and a complement to antibody-triggered responses. Antigen-antibody complexes or microorganisms can activate the complement pathway, ultimately leading to the lysis or phagocytosis of pathogenic organisms.

Fig.1 Structure of C1s.Distributed under CC BY-SA 3.0, from Wiki, without modification.

Complement component 1, an intrinsic component of the classical activation pathway of complement, consists of three subunits, C1q, C1r, and C1s, which form a pentameric macromolecular complex in the presence of calcium ions on a 1:2:2 basis (C1qC1r2C1s2). C1q binds to other activators through its collagen-like region. C1s is a serine proteasomal proteinogen, which is activated to act on substrates C4 and C2.

Creative Biolabs provides a wide range of high-quality antibodies, assay kits, and C1sa proteins to help researchers improve their experiments and research in the field of complement. We try our best to help you improve your experiments and accelerate the R&D process.

C1sa Functional Service

Creative Biolabs provides a comprehensive range of C1sa related products, including anti-C1sa antibodies, ELISA kits, C1sa proteins, and vectors. These products can effectively carry out C1sa related experiments and thus play an important role in your research.

Fig. 2 The mouse complement components deposition on PNPs.¹

Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have been discovered to have good biodegradability and biocompatibility. Since mice are the most commonly used preclinical models for human diseases, this study aimed to compare the protein coronas (PCs) formed on untargeted PNPs (uPNPs) and targeted PNPs (tPNPs), specifically focusing on complement activation.¹ The components of the classical complement activation pathway that were absorbed by both types of PNPs included C1q, C1r, C1s, and the B and C chains of C4. With the exception of C4, other proteins were found to be more abundant on uPNPs. Notably, uPNPs were the only type of nanoparticle that could bind to C1rA and C1sB. The study also revealed that mouse and human serum proteins interacted differently with PNPs. There were minimal differences in the binding of mouse complement proteins, while human complement components exhibited strong discrimination between the two types of nanoparticles.

Creative Biolabs offers C1sa functional services, including C1sa binding and other tailored functional services for our esteemed clients engaged in clinical and scientific research.