Stem Cell-derived Exosome Application
- Adipose MSC Source

As membrane vesicles released by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), ADMSCs-derived exosomes (ADMSC-Exos) contain a variety of maternally derived molecules that can broadly participate in intercellular communication and cell signaling and regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Creative Biolabs focuses on and summarizes the feasibility therapeutic applications of ADMSC-Exos, hoping to help customers open up new research directions.

Bidirectional Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosome (ADMSC-Exos)

ADMSCs can secrete ADMSC-Exos with different molecular profiles and corresponding functions under specific conditions, and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the body.

Bidirectional effects of ADMSC-Exos

Regulating fat metabolism: ADMSC-Exos contains a variety of bioactive molecules that play an important role in regulating fat metabolism. miR-125b-5p in ADMSC-Exos can suppress the browning of white fat, which is highly associated with the development of obesity. miR-199a-3p in ADMSC-Exos can impair the metabolism of brown adipocytes. In addition, transcriptional activator 3 in the lumen of ADMSC-Exos can upgrade the browning of white fat to accelerate fat consumption.
Regulating inflammatory response: ADMSC-Exos has both positive and negative regulatory effects on inflammation. The experimenta results in vitro proved that ADMSC-Exos lacked major histocompatibility complex class II and co-stimulatory molecules, and could restrain the activation of T cells by reducing the expression of interferon-γ. However, ADMSC-Exos could upgrade interleukin-10 expression and polarization towards an anti-inflammatory form in macrophages.
Regulating tumor growth: ADMSC-Exos have different effects on different types of tumors. ADMSC-Exos can upgrade the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells but can restrain the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells.

Positive effects of ADMSC-Exos

Upgrade angiogenesis: ADMSC-Exos carry miRNAs related to angiogenesis to upgrade vascular remodeling by activating the activity of vascular endothelial cells.

Upgrade nerve regeneration: ADMSC-Exos are rich in neurogenesis-related cytokines, which can upgrade the generation and related functions of neurons.

Upgrade tissue repair: ADMSC-Exos restrain osteocyte apoptosis by up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins and down-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins. ADMSC-Exos can activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to upgrade the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of skin fibroblasts, thereby accelerating skin wound healing.

Although they have bidirectional effects in some specific environments, the therapeutic advantages of ADMSC-Exos cannot be ignored. One of the major advantages of ADMSC-Exos is their ability to mimic the function of their parent cells without the risk of immune rejection or tumorigenesis. In addition, ADMSC-Exos have low immunogenicity and can bypass the blood-brain barrier, allowing them to enter target tissues and organs that are difficult to reach with traditional therapies. Furthermore, ADMSC-Exos are highly stable, making them attractive candidates for drug delivery vehicles.

ADMSC-Exos Therapeutic Prospects

The therapeutic effect of ADMSCs-Exos has been confirmed in the research of various diseases. Examples include neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, liver damage, kidney disease, and skin damage. ADMSC-Exos impedes the apoptosis of renal podocytes by restraining the Smad1/mTOR signaling pathway in renal podocytes, thereby alleviating diabetes-associated renal fibrosis. The ADMSC-Exos incorporated into the hydrogel, loaded with miR-375 through endogenous modification, can continuously and effectively upgrade the osteogenesis ability of the calvarial defect rat model in situ. Engineered ADMSC-Exos can effectively deliver the loaded miR-181-5p to damaged hepatocytes and activate autophagy-related signaling pathways to delay the process of liver fibrosis. ADMSC-Exos significantly ameliorated myocardial infarction-induced damage by activating S1P/SK1/S1PR1 signaling to upgrade macrophage M2 polarization and restrain cardiac fibroblast fibrosis. ADMSC-Exos loaded with miRNA-22 improved neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease mice by restraining pyroptosis and the release of inflammatory factors.

Especially in skin injury repair, a large number of studies have shown that ADMSCs-Exos can upgrade the proliferation of skin fibroblasts, and wound angiogenesis, and restrain inflammation through a variety of signaling pathways. This provides a good therapeutic strategy for both the repair of skin trauma and the improvement of skin texture.

Fig.1 Mechanisms by which ADSCs-EXOs may upgrade wound healing.^1,2

In addition, ADMSCs-Exos can also be used to improve tumor chemotherapy sensitivity. ADMSCs-Exos loaded with miR-122 can restrain the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and enhance the chemosensitivity of cancer cells.

Creative Biolabs Service

With further research and development, ADMSCs-Exos may become a promising tool for improving human health and treating various diseases. Creative Biolabs has been committed to providing global customers with end-to-end Exo services. If you want to tap the feasibility of ADMSC-Exos, please contact us.

References

An, Y.; et al. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells and application to skin wound healing. Cell Proliferation. 2021, 54(3):e12993.
under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

Plant Exosome Isolation