Stem Cell-derived Exosome Application
- Gingival MSC Source
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are derived from gingival tissue, which have the capacity of self-proliferation and multilineage differentiation. As one of the most important paracrine substances, GMSC-derived exosomes (GMSC-Exos) inherit these excellent abilities of GMSCs by packaging the abundant bioactive substances in GMSCs. Most importantly, the administration of GMSC-Exos can avoid the disadvantages of cell therapy, such as tumorigenesis, abnormal proliferation, abnormal differentiation, and immune rejection. Creative Biolabs paid attention to the special features of GMSC-Exos while laying out the business direction.
Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes (GMSC-Exos) with Periodontal Protective Property
Compared with other MSCs, the special feature of GMSCs is their innate ability to regulate periodontal tissue. Therefore, compared with other MSC-Exo, GMSC-Exos have unique advantages in periodontitis treatment.
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In the lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal inflammatory cell model, GMSC-Exos not only promoted the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) but also inhibited the inflammatory response in PDLSCs by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and Wnt5a expression.
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In a mouse model of ligation-induced periodontitis, Exos released by TNF-α-pretreated GMSCs significantly inhibited periodontal bone loss by promoting the polarization of macrophages and inhibiting the maturation of osteoclasts. Further studies found that this may be due to the delivery of miR-1260b carried by GMSC-Exos to osteoclasts to inhibit the Wnt5a/Rank1 signaling pathway, thereby hindering the activity of osteoclasts.
Fig.1 Proposed therapeutic strategy for periodontal disease using exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated GMSCs.1,2
The above in vitro and in vivo results suggest that GMSC-Exos have great potential in the treatment of periodontitis.
Potential Applications of GMSC-Exos in Other Fields
In addition to the excellent therapeutic potential of periodontitis, the active role played by GMSC-Exos in the field of tissue repair has been gradually revealed. Current studies have found that GMSC-Exos play an important role in treating autoimmune diseases, promoting wound repair, and promoting nerve regeneration.
Autoimmune diseases
GMSC-Exos regulates the secretion of inflammatory factors and the activity of T cells to significantly alleviate the development of arthritis, and this relief effect is better than that mediated by GMSCs implantation.
Wound repair
GMSC-Exos incorporated into the gel can accelerate the repair of skin wounds in diabetic rats by continuously and effectively promoting collagen synthesis and assembly, vascular remodeling and neuron regeneration.
Nerve regeneration
Exos released from TNF-α-pretreated GMSCs inhibited inflammation and apoptosis and promoted non-inflammatory polarization of microglia by delivering miR-21-5p to target programmed cell death 4, thereby inhibiting optic nerve damage caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion. This provides a new avenue for glaucoma treatment. The combined use of chitin conduits and GMSC-Exos significantly promoted the development of neurons, the formation of myelin, and then the regeneration of sciatic nerve. The combined administration of small intestinal submucosa-extracellular matrix and GMSC-Exos promotes the proliferation and differentiation of taste bud cells by up-regulating brain derived neurotrophic factor and Shh, thereby promoting the regeneration of taste bud nerves.
Overall, GMSC-Exos hold great promise as a therapeutic option. Their ability to deliver bioactive molecules to target cells, combined with their low immunogenicity and high stability, make them an attractive option for regenerative medicine. Creative Biolabs is a professional Exo technology service provider. We not only provide Exo content analysis services (including Exo profiling, Exo NGS, Exo proteomics, Exo lipidomics and metabolomics) but also provide in vitro function research and in vivo functional research of Exo. If you want to develop the applied feasibility of Exos, please contact us.
References
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Nakao, Y.; Fukuda, T.; et al. Exosomes from TNF-α-treated human gingiva-derived MSCs enhance M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit periodontal bone loss. Acta Biomaterialia. 2021, 122:306-324.
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under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.
For Research Use Only. Cannot be used by patients.
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