Voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), also termed as voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), are a family of multimeric transmembrane proteins present in the membrane of excitable cells. VDCCs are characterized by a permeability to the Ca2+ and involved in calcium homeostasis, gene expression, and neurotransmitter release. VDCCs are key transducers of membrane potential changes into intracellular Ca2+ transients that initiates many physiological events. Ten members of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel family are present in mammals and play distinct roles in cellular signal transduction. VDCCs are multi-subunit complexes, which consist of alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and delta subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio.
Here, we present part of VDCCs protein in humans including the CaV1 subfamily, CaV2 subfamily, and the CaV3 subfamily. The CaV1 subfamily initiates contraction, secretion, regulation of gene expression, integration of synaptic input in neurons, and synaptic transmission at ribbon synapses in specialized sensory cells. The CaV2 subfamily is primarily responsible for initiation of synaptic transmission at fast synapses. The CaV3 subfamily plays an important role in the repetitive firing of action potentials in rhythmically firing cells such as cardiac myocytes and thalamic neurons.
Human Voltage-dependent Calcium Channel Family Members | ||||
CACNA1A | CACNA1B | CACNA1C | CACNA1D | CACNA1E |
CACNA1F | CACNA1G | CACNA1H | CACNA1I | CACNA1S |
CACNA2D1 | CACNA2D2 | CACNA2D3 | CACNA2D4 | CACNB1 |
CACNB2 | CACNB3 | CACNB4 | CACNG2 | CACNG4 |
CACNG5 | CACNG6 | CACNG7 | CACNG8 |
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