|
Aglycone
|
A non-carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate or glycoside that is glycosidically linked to the glycan through the reducing terminal sugar.
|
|
Glycans
|
Saccharides or sugar chains can be free or attached to proteins or lipids to form simple or complex glycoconjugates.
|
|
N-linked glycans
|
N-Oligosaccharides covalently linked to an Asp residue of a protein (at the consensus sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr, in which X is any amino acid) via a nitrogen atom. N-glycans are classified into high-mannose, complex, and hybrid types.
|
|
O-linked glycans
|
O-Oligosaccharides are linked to a polypeptide via an oxygen atom. O-glycans are classified according to the initiating monosaccharide linked to a Ser or Thr residue.
|
|
Glycosphingolipids
|
GAG. A linear copolymer containing acidic disaccharide repeating units attached to proteoglycans via xylose linked to the hydroxyl group of a Ser residue.
|
|
Glycosyltransferases
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sugars from activated donor molecules to receptor molecules (proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates) to form covalent bonds.
|
|
O-GlcNAcylation
|
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) acts on serine or threonine hydroxyl moieties through covalent addition of O-GlcNAc transferase to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.
|
|
Carbohydrate
|
It includes monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, as well as derivatives of these compounds. It is a general term used interchangeably with sugars, saccharides, or glycans.
|
|
Carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD)
|
The domain of a polypeptide that binds exclusively to carbohydrates. In lectins, it is usually a highly evolutionarily conserved region in the polypeptide.
|
|
Glycobiology
|
Study of the structure, chemistry, biosynthesis, and biological functions of glycans and their derivatives.
|
|
Glycoengineering
|
Altering the biosynthetic machinery for glycoconjugates in a given cell for the production of defined glycoconjugates.
|
|
Glycoconjugate
|
A molecule in which one or more glycan units are covalently linked to a noncarbohydrate entity.
|
|
Glycoforms
|
Different molecular forms of glycoproteins are caused by different glycan structures and/or glycan attachment sites.
|
|
Glycogenin
|
A protein that is used as a primer for glycogen synthesis.
|
|
Glycolipid
|
A molecule containing sugars linked to lipid aglycons. In higher organisms, most glycolipids are glycosphingolipids, but glycoglycerides and other types also exist.
|
|
Glycomics
|
Systematic analysis of the glycome.
|
|
Glycopeptide
|
A peptide has one or more covalently attached glycan.
|
|
Glycoprotein
|
A protein with one or more covalently bound glycan.
|
|
Glycoproteomics
|
The systems-level analysis of glycoproteins, including their protein identities, sites of glycosylation, and glycan structures.
|
|
Glycosidase
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in a glycan.
|
|
Glycosylation
|
It refers to the covalent binding of carbohydrates with peptides, lipids, polynucleotides, carbohydrates, or other organic compounds catalyzed by enzymes, usually catalyzed by glycosyltransferases.
|
