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Overview of Glanders
Fig.1 Severe mallein reaction in geldings with glanders.
(Khakhum, 2019)
Glanders is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by a bacterium called Burkholderia mallei. Typically, it mainly affects animals such as horses, donkeys, and mules. Additionally, other animals, such as camels, bears, wolves and dogs, have also shown susceptibility to the disease. Interestingly, chickens, cattle and pigs do not appear to be affected by the disease. It is worth noting that glanders can be transmitted to humans. Common symptoms of glanders include nodules forming in the lungs, fever, muscle pain, headache, light sensitivity and respiratory ulcers. The acute form causes cough and fever, followed by sepsis and death. In the chronic form, death can occur within months and survivors act as carriers.
Cause and Transmission
Glanders is usually transmitted through contaminated feed or water. In addition, the disease can also be transmitted through direct contact with the body fluids of infected animals, and the pathogen can enter through skin abrasions, nasal and oral mucosal surfaces. Generally, the disease affects some animals, but it can also infect humans after prolonged contact with infected animals. As a result, veterinarians, horse trainers and stable workers are all at a higher risk of infection. The disease rarely spreads from person to person, but it can occur after prolonged contact with an infected person.
Prevention and Treatment
Currently, there are no approved vaccines for glanders. In areas where the disease is endemic among animals, the elimination of infected animals is an effective way of stopping the spread of the disease. Diagnosis of glanders requires isolation and identification of the pathogen, which is usually done using blood or urine samples. Because the disease is rare in humans, there is limited information about antibiotic treatment in humans. However, Burkholderia mallei has been reported to be sensitive to many antibiotics in vitro.
With decades of experience in the antibody field, Creative Biolabs focuses on providing high-quality antibody products to meet your needs. With the increasing recognition of our antibody products by customers, Creative Biolabs has become a world-renowned antibody supplier. With a continuous focus on product quality, we take pride in meeting the needs of customers in more than 50 countries and regions both at home and abroad. We offer and custom a huge variety of anti-glanders Abs. Our rigorously tested Abs provide a strong guarantee for your scientific research. If you are interested in our antibody products, please contact us in time for product information and a detailed quotation.
For further details please check out the following link:
- Khakhum, N.; et al. Burkholderia mallei and Glanders. Defense Against Biological Attacks: Volume II. 2019: 161-183.