Creative Biolabs is an undisputed leading provider of antibody development and generation services. Now, we provide in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services targeting various biomarkers of a wide variety of diseases. Especially, Creative Biolabs offers high-quality antibody development services for diagnostic applications targeting IL-8 as a potential biomarker of sepsis.
Interleukin-18 and IL-18 Binding Protein
Similar to IL-1β, interleukin-18 (IL-18) is referred as a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines. IL-18 is often synthesized as an inactive 24-kDa precursor protein. Subsequently, caspase-1 can process its inactive form into mature secretable form with a molecular weight of 18 kDa. As an identified immunoregulatory cytokine recently, IL-8 shares biochemical features with IL-1beta and acts in part by inducing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Naturally occurring IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) has a high affinity to IL-18 and balance the activity of IL8. Increased severity of human disease has been shown associated with an imbalance of IL-18 to IL-18BP, such as the elevated levels of free IL-18 in the circulation. A growing number of studies have expanded the role of IL-18 and updated the biology of IL-18 in mediating inflammation in cell biology level, with using the IL-18BP, neutralization of IL-18, IL-18-deficient mice, or deficiency in the IL-18 receptor alpha chain in animal models of disease. IL-18 has been implicated in protective in several human diseases including sepsis.
Fig.1 The IL-18 system. (Alboni S., 2010)
IL-18 Marker of Sepsis
IL-18 has been suggested to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Serum cytokine levels of IL-18 were elevated in patients with sepsis. Studies have shown that elevated plasma IL-18 concentrations are associated with poor clinical outcome in severe inflammatory and septic conditions. Moreover, a significant increase in IL-18 concentrations may be used in the discrimination between Gram-positive- and Gram-negative-related sepsis.
Fig.2 IL-18 participates in cell death during sepsis.2
IL-18 Marker of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
AKI is an abrupt loss of kidney functions which is a complex clinical syndrome associated with adverse clinical outcomes. It may bring out many complications, including high potassium levels, changes in body fluid balance and metabolic acidosis. In the early AKI, it is difficult to predict and identify AKI.
Although the mechanism of action of IL-18 still remains incompletely understood in the progression of AKI, it is certain that IL-18 may be a very important mediator in the pathologic processes of AKI. Most of the studies have been shown that urinary IL-18 levels are significantly increased in human AKI and urine IL-18 levels excess of 100 pg/ml are related to increased risk of AKI in the next 24 h. In a meta-analysis research, 11 studies of 3 countries covering 2,796 AKI patients have been analyzed. And the urine IL-18 levels have a high heterogeneity in pooled sensitivity and specificity in AKI patients. These suggest that IL-18 in the urine has the potential to serve as a biomarker for AKI in humans.
With the rapid progression of IVD technology, IVD antibodies are extensively used for disease screening, therapeutic monitoring, and the guidance of disease therapeutic strategy. Creative Biolabs has built a versatile IVD platform to provide custom biomarker-specific IVD antibody development services to global clients. Besides, Creative Biolabs provides one-stop diagnostic immunoassay development services, including feasibility analysis, assay design, assay protocol establishment, validation, and production. Along with over a decade of rich experience, our services can totally meet your special requirements.
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References
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