As a leading CRO of antibody generation and development, Creative Biolabs offers application-specific antibody development services to global clients. With experienced scientists and advanced technology, we have established a series of high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services against biomarkers of different diseases. Here, we introduce our IVD antibody development services for IL-4 marker.
Signaling Pathways of IL-4
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is glycosylated, type I cytokine. IL-4 has three intra-chain disulfide bridges that adopt a bundled four alpha-helix structure. T cells, natural killer T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils are a primary IL-4-produced cell. Through one of two different receptor complexes, a type I receptor expressed on hematopoietic cells or a type II receptor expressed on nonhematopoietic cells, IL-4 initiates signal transduction. The type I receptor is composed of the IL-4R alpha and gamma-chain/IL-2R gamma subunits and is specific for IL-4. However, the type II receptor is composed of the IL-4R alpha and IL-13R alpha 1 subunits and can be activated by either IL-4 or IL-13. IL-4 signaling is required for the differentiation of Th2 and Th9 cells and regulates immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. In addition, IL-4 is essential in the progress of allergic inflammation and asthma. IL-4 plays a role in increasing the expression of Fc epsilon RI on B cells, mast cells, and basophils, inducing mast cell, basophil, and eosinophil chemotaxis, and promoting mast cell survival and proliferation.
Fig.1 IL-4 with its receptor and signaling.1
IL-4 Marker of Sepsis
As an important cytokine, IL-4 may modulate the development of secondary bacterial pneumonia during sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Previous studies have found that IL-4 expression was elevated in animal models of polymicrobial sepsis, and the IL-4 level was also demonstrated upregulated in patients with sepsis. The concentration of IL-4 in nonsurvivors was significantly higher than that in survivors, and IL-4 level had good accuracy for predicting the occurrence of early mortality. Based on regression analysis, the IL-4delta2/IL-4 ratio still was an independent factor for death in patients with severe sepsis. The expression of IL-4delta2 mRNA was positively correlated with that of IL-4 mRNA in patients with severe sepsis.
IVD antibodies have been widely used for disease screening and therapeutic monitoring. As a research partner with years of experience in high-quality antibody development and production, Creative Biolabs offers one-stop solutions from antigen design to antibody pair screening. Besides, we also offer diagnostic immunoassay development services, including feasibility analysis, assay design, assay protocol establishment, assay optimization, and kit production.
Our services can be tailor-designed to adapt to specific project specifications. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.
Reference
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