3D Ex Vivo Human Kidney Urothelial Carcinoma Model Introduction

• Pyelitis: Long-term recurrent pyelitis increases the prevalence of the disease.
• Exposure to risk factors: such as smoking, exposure to chemicals, etc.

• It occurs in all parts of the kidney, commonly at the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter.
• Histological types include metastatic cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma.
• The general presentation is a unilateral abnormally echogenic enlarged renal mass, hydronephrosis, and urinary bleeding.

• Ultrasound and CT examinations: show lesions such as kidney masses, fluid in the kidney, and ureteral fluid.
• Histological examination: kidney biopsy or resection specimen examination to determine the lesion and its grading.
• Urine cytology: Kidney Urothelial Carcinoma cytology, while cystoscopy has better specificity and sensitivity.

Traditional in vitro culture model

• Only at the scale of tumor cell lines
• Poor cell line stability, susceptible to unpredictable mutations and loss of original tumor characteristics
• Cancer cells that pass through multiple generations lose heterogeneity

3D ex vivo human KUC model

• Accurate overview of the pathological complexity of KUC
• Higher translatability of the test data obtained
• Stable and efficient building techniques and systems